Method for regulating the fuel supply with compressorless highpressure crude-oil engines



Oct 13, 1925. 1,557,151

1TH COMPRESSORLESS HIGH PRESSURE CRUDE OIL ENGINES E. FREY METHODFOR'REGULATING THE FUEL SUPPLY W Filed Jan. 4. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 314- um1 N1 Erna?" Frag Oct. 13,1925 7,

E. FREY METHOD FOR REGULATING THE FUEL SUPPLY WITH 'COMPRESSORLESS HIGHPRESSURE CRUDE OIL ENGINES Filed Jan. 4, i923 '5 Sheets-Sheet 2 314mm 1a h Ema? W 7 E. FREY METHOD FOR REGULATING THE FUEL SUPPLY WITHCOMPRESSORLESS Get 13, 1925 -HIGH PRESSURE CRUDE OIL ENGINES Filed Jan.4, L923 5 Sheets-Sheet gnvcnl'oz firms? F1 5 difocnul m/ Patented Oct.13', 1925.,

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Application filed January 4, 192a Serial No. 610,656.

To all wkomit maylconcem: Be it known; that I, ERNST FREY, a citlzen ofthe German Republic, residing at Troisdorf, near Cologne, Germany, havein- 5 vented cert'ain ni-iw v and useful Improvements in a Method forRegulatin the Fuel Supply with Compressorless Hig -Pressure Crude-OilEngines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an adjustable fuel pump for compressorlesscrude oil engines in which the efficiency and number of revolutions areinfluenced by altering the duration of injection.

improved pump in a similar manner as with sential difference that aspring-controlled piston situated in the pressure pipe of the pumpserves for positively controlling the pump and for consequentlyregulating the quantity supplied. i

In order that the invention may be clearly understood, I shall proceedto describe the same with referenceto the several forms of constructionshown by way of example on the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1shows in section a motor-cylinder with the improved device. I Figure 2shows in section a modified construction of the piston which controlsthe P P- I Fi re 3 shows in section a pump with varia le piston stroke.

Figure 3 is a section on line A-A of Fi re 3. igure 3 is the valve diam.Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings: a is the engine cylinder, 6 thebody of the nozzle, 0 the s indie and d the cone of the fuel valve. '1 efuel valve (5 under the pressure ofspring f, shuts off the fuel pas 5sage e of the nozzle from communication with the combustion space, saidpassa e e being exposed to the pressure of the uel. A roller g isarranged in a slit at the upper end of the valve spindle c and isdesigned to be raised 'by the oscillating lever h during the injectionof thefuel, the oscillating lever It being actuated from the eccentricThe quantityof fuel supplied is adjusted to the actual charge of theenglne 1n the is, as by means of the connectingrod i.

Itis known that by means 0 the Lentz link motion adopted from steamengine practice a variable duration of the o ening period of the valvecan be obtaine with approximately uniform starting point of t the Lentzlink motion any other link motion.

for variable duration of the opening period could be used.

For any size of charge the fuel pressure must be approximately the samein the pas-1 sagee, the valueof this ressure (approximately 250 atms.)depending on the degree ofithe atomizing required. The atomizing propertakes place exclusively through the narrowboring l of the nozzle.

The fuel pressure is produced by the fuel pump'm connected with theengine cylinder. This pumpis suitably driven, as from cam n keyed uponthe cam shaft and indicated in dash lines, said cam pressing'downwardthe pump piston g througha suitable connection, as the bellcra'nklever 0and the link At the suction stroke piston g is rais I by means of springr. For regulat ing the quantity of fuel to be supplied the pump may beprovided for instance with a the bell-crank lever o, and on the b otherhand the automatic pressure regula tor w-y-z which serves for positivelyad-- justin the control of the pump and consequent y the quantity offuel supplied.

If the pressure in the passage c'becomes too great it is transmittedthrou h the preswhic is thus. i-aised against the com res sion of thestpring 2 located in the gui e 3/. the regulating lever t mount- Thepivot 0 ed in the guide 3 is'thus raised also and the quantity of fuelsupplied by the pump 1s reduced, inasmuch as the valve a is held openduring a greater period of time.

By selection of the strength of spring 2 is period, for instance bymeans of a drum governor and double eccentric. Instead 0t .sure .i'pe cto the space below t e piston m of the piston is facilitated and for thesame total length a much better packing is msured without the danger ofwarping and jamming at fluctuations of temperatures.-

The pressure pipe 0 for the fuel is connected with the regulator piston.The several piston elements 6, d, f. are located in the guide bushingsg, h, i and have reduced or conical ends in order to prevent a jammingin the adjacent bushing when the piston is working. The guide bushingsare pressed strongly against one another. in a casing is by means of ascrew 1'. The spring a which acts upon the subdivided piston, the guidey for the same, and the lever t acting upon the link motion of the pump,are the same as in Figure 1. Y 4

By means of such subdivided piston the leakage, even at pressures of 300atms. and more, can be reduced to a minimum. Instead of the pump shownin Figure 1 with back-flow suction valve control, any other type of pumpWith variable delivery can be used, for instance a pump with variablepiston stroke.

In Figures 3, 3*,and 3" a pump is shown the stroke of which iscontrolled positively from a spring-controlled piston situated in thepressure pipe. According to the valve diagram shown in Figure 3 thereciprocating driving rod Z communicates an oscillatingmotion to thelever 3 fulcrumed at 2. The fulcrum 2, as shown, consists of a boltpivotable in a straight guide 4 in which the lever 3 executes a shortsliding movement when pivoting. From lever 3 the pump-stroke istransmitted to the pump pistpln 6 by means of thelink rod 5.

T e which for the two dead point positions are shown in full lines,correspond to the largest pump stroke SU which is effective at fullload. In order to reduce the stroke of the pump the straight guide 4 andconsequently the fulcrum 2 is shifted to the right, whereby lever 3 ismade to slide in the pivot bolt 2. The extreme right hand position offulcrum 2, which is designated by 2', corresponds to the smallest pumpstroke. Lever 3 assumes in this position. the two extreme positionsindicated in dash lines. The pump stroke is of the smallest amount 8Lcorrespondin to no load. The stroke :can be reduce to zero with the aidof a convenient construction.

In Figures 3 and 3, l designates the driving rod, 2 the fulcrum of theoscillating lever, 3 the oscillating lever, 4 the straight guidedesigned to displace the fulcrum 2, and 5 the articulated rod fortransmitting positions of the driving lever 3,

of the pump by the driver is requir the stroke upon the piston 6. In thepump casing 7 the straight guide 4 is adjustably vmounted. Theadjustment is efiected by is to be used. The position of the regulatinglever shown corresponds to the largest delivery. As soon as the amountof charge to the motor decreases the pressure in the pressure pipe isincreased.

The increased fuel pressure acts immediately upon the regulating piston11, which in opposition to spring 10 adjusts a correspondingly smallerpump stroke by means of a lever 4, which shifts the pivot bolt 2.Tnversely a movement of the several parts in opposite direction takesplace under the pressure of spring 10 as soon as the amount of fuelsupplied to the motor is increased, which would be accompanied by areduction of pressure in the pressure pipe.

The piston ll, controlled by spring 10, i

the suction valve acting as back-flow valve,

the pump is filled with fuel even at a high number of revolutions.

This mechanism serves therefore not for regulating the'pump, but withthe aid of the adjusting screw 16 of lever 15 the time of commencementof the pump stroke can be regulated. For the variation of the fuel pumpstroke a large number of other well 'known stroke-adjusting devices areavailable. It is essential only that the justing' of the stroke isefiected positively by a spring-controlled piston situated in thepressure space or in the pressure pipe. I

' The improved pump presents special advantages for automobile engines.For varying the number of revolutions no adiusting The driver has merelyto adjust the duration of the open position of the fuel valve. At thestopping of the engine the injectin period of the fuel valve is merelyreduce while at the pump no adjustment takes place. The fuel pressure ismaintained constant and to zero the delivery is correspondinglycontrolled automatically and positively.

In order to prevent a stronger drop of the fuel pressure during theinjection of the fuel, and air chamber ais arranged upon the nozzle bodyas shown in Figure 1, this air chamber communicating with the fuelpassage and carrying a manometer b for" indicating thefuel pressure. Theair chamber assists in the action of the control piston but it would notbe necessary if the pres sure pipe is comparatively flexible. Before theengine is started after a longer period of rest a sufficiently highinjecting pressure has to be produced in the air chamber by pumping byhand or, with larger machines, even with the aid of auxiliary motors.With this object in view a square for a hand lever c is arranged uponthe angle lever 0 as shown in Figure 1.

I claim 1. In combination with a fuel pump for engines of the classdescribed including a suction valve and a pump plunger, and having apressure passage leading from said pump, means operatively connectingsaid plunger and suction valve to positively control closure of thelatter in accordance with the piston stroke, and a spring-controlledpiston in communication with said pressure passage operable topositively adjust the time of closing said suction valve in ac cordancewith the pressure in said pressure passage, thereby to vary the deliveryof the pump.

2. In combination with a fuel pum for 7 engines of the class describedincluding a 3. In combination with a fuel pum for engines of the classdescribed including a suction valve, and having a pressure passageleading from, said pump, a spring-controlled piston in communicationwith said pressure passage operable to positively adjust said suctionvalve, thereby to vary the delivery of the pump, said piston beingcomposed of several elements, a bushing guiding said piston and likewisecomposed of several parts, and means for tightly packing the severalparts of said guide bushing.

4. In combination with a fuel pump for engines of the'class describedincluding a suction valve, and having apressure passage leading fromsaid pump, a. springcontrolled piston in communication with saidpressure passage operable to positively adjust said suction valve,thereby to vary the delivery of the pump, said piston being composed ofseveral elements, each havin conical ends, a bushing guiding said pistonand likewise composed of several adjoining parts, the ends of the pistonelements being 'movable past the joints between the bushing "parts, andmeans for tightly packing the several parts of said guide bushing.

5. In combination with a fuel pump for engines of the class describedincluding a pump plunger and a suction valve, and having a pressurepassage leading from said pump, said suction valve having an utter nallyprojecting stem, a spring-controlled piston having its axis parallelwith and offset from said suction valve stem, and in communication withsaid pressure passage, a lever fulcrumed upon said piston and engageablebetween its ends with said suction valve stem, and means operativelyconnecting the outer end of said lever with the pump plunger, topositively control the time with the plunger stroke and the pressure insaid pressure passage.

6. In combination with a fuel pump for engines of the class describedincluding a constant-stroke pump plunger and a suction valve, and havinga pressure passage leading from said pump, said suction valve havinganexternally projecting stem, a lever engageable with said stem tocontrol the time of closure of said valve, a fulcrum member supportingone end oi" said lever and shiftable under the influence of pressure insaid pressure passage, and means operativelyconof closing saidsuctionvalve in accordance necting the opposite end of said lever withsaid pump plunger.

In testimony whereof Iaflix my signature.

nnns'r Paar.

